tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48976845783298324162024-02-08T05:08:52.746-08:00Great Leaders in JapanGreat and awfully influential strategic leaders in the Japanese historySenryaku-kenkyuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14407110371838014354noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4897684578329832416.post-38129555037042585872011-12-29T07:01:00.001-08:002013-11-13T17:08:18.295-08:00No. 5: Yoshitsune Minamoto: a tragic military commander incapable of understanding the game of politics (December 29, 2011)<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQdng6UQcf5EDZ8t6pjnmemK2K7Utcp0B8zvdfhDScSQDDzMbWyAQ" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQdng6UQcf5EDZ8t6pjnmemK2K7Utcp0B8zvdfhDScSQDDzMbWyAQ" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Yoshitsune descends on a horse</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E6%BA%90%E7%BE%A9%E7%B5%8C&hl=ja&sa=G&prmd=imvnso&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&ei=KjH7TvPdDIbqmAWA19WGAg&ved=0CFQQsAQ&biw=1024&bih=598&sei=NTH7Tvq2DqH4mAWO7OSuAg">Yoshitsune Minamoto</a> (1159-1189) was
undefeated in wars, but he was killed by the army sent by his brother Yoritomo
Minamoto. He was the greatest military commander in his time. The war between the
Taira family and Minamoto family began when Yoritomo Minamoto decided to fight
against Kiyomori Taira. Convinced of the military genius of Yoshitsune,
Yoritomo appointed Yoshitsune the military commander.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Surprise attack characterizes Yoshitune’s
strategy. In the battle in Kobe, a city in the Kansai district, the Taira army
took up a position facing the Seto Inland Sea with mountains behind. Because
the mountains in this area have rather steep slope, it was hardly possible to
attach the Taira army from the mountainside. The Taira family never dreamt of
being attached from the mountainside. When the two armies were in the middle of
the war, the unit led by Yoshitsune, soldiers and horses alike, descended at
full speed the slope and attacked the Taira army from the mountainside. Before
he ordered his soldiers to ascend the slope ahorse, he asked a local hunter if
a deer could descend the slope. Responding to the farmer’s affirmative reply,
he and his soldiers went down the slope at full speed and destroyed the Taira
army. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Yoshitsune achieved an overwhelming victory
over the Taira family, but he failed to recover one of the three sacred
imperial treasures that symbolize the sovereignty of the emperor. Yoritomo
wished to use the three treasures as the bargaining chip in the negotiations
with the emperor because he tried to establish a samurai government for the
sake of samurais. Presumably, Yoritomo strongly ordered Yoshitsune to bring
them back to him, but Yoshitsune failed to execute the order not knowing how
important it was. Yoritomo naturally got angry with Yoshitsune, but Yoshitsune
was not able to understand why his brother was so angry. It was his tragedy
that he had no competent subordinate with the ability to understand political
affairs. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Ultimately, Yoshitsune was killed by the
army sent by Yoritomo. Ironically enough, however, the tragic death made
Yoshitsune even more popular among people. It was believed that Yoshitsune went
to Mongolia and became Genghis Khan (1162-1227). This plot shows how popular Yoshitsune
is among Japanese, though it is totally absurd and nonsense. </span><br />
<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A legendary hero: Yoshitsune Minamoto</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span> </span></div>
</div>
Senryaku-kenkyuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14407110371838014354noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4897684578329832416.post-80796271399720409592011-12-26T22:34:00.001-08:002013-10-30T18:56:42.326-07:00No. 4: Yoritomo Minamoto: the military commander who opened a samurai government for the first time (December 27, 2011)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS2ydLyAHsH3gFOkvwoa-5mVivwS6fiR56JiqBdBLgozHuN56e2" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS2ydLyAHsH3gFOkvwoa-5mVivwS6fiR56JiqBdBLgozHuN56e2" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Yoritomo Minamoto</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-US">Yoritomo Minamoto (1147-1199) established a
samurai government for the first time in Japan in 1192. He was not killed by
Kiyomori Taira despite the fact that his father was defeated by Kiyomori Taira.
In those days, it was quite natural that he was killed because he was a son of
the military commander of the defeated army. Instead of being killed, he was marooned
on the Izu area at the age of 13. The Izu area is now famous as a hot spring
resort, but it was a very isolated area back in the 12th century. In the Izu
area, he mingled with various kinds of people including farmers and fishermen. His
life in this area enabled him to know the daily life of commonalities and the
dissatisfaction of samurais. As is often the case, no one can predict what may
turn to your advantage. </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US">Yoritomo had originally no intention of
fighting against the Taira family because the Taira family was in the heyday of
its power. However, a member of the Minamoto family recklessly tried to defeat
the Taira family and lost the battle. Kiyomori Taira angrily asked his
subordinates to ruin the Minamoto family. Accordingly, Yoritomo had only two choices:
running away from and fighting against the Taira family. He decided to start a
war against Kiyomori Taira. In the initial stage, he lost and ran away to a
rural area. However, his decision to fight against the Taira family spread among
samurais in the Kanto region, and his soldiers increased in number tremendously
in a short period of time. This was purely because samurais were dissatisfied with
the current situations. In those days, only aristocrats and shrines &
temples were allowed to own their land, and samurais were allowed to own their
land that they reclaimed and cultivated by themselves. Kiyomori Taira was not
able to formulate measures for the stalemate. He knew nothing about the
situation in the rural area because he lived in Kyoto. But Yoritomo knew it
very well because he lived in a rural area not in Kyoto.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Yoritomo sent an advance unit to Kyoto. The
advance unit successfully defeated the Taira family, but the unit members looted
Kyoto. The looting made people in Kyoto angry with the Minamoto family, saying
that even the Taira family never looted. Then, Yoritomo sent a unit to kill the
commander of the advanced team. At this moment, <a href="http://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E6%BA%90%E7%BE%A9%E7%B5%8C&hl=ja&prmd=imvnso&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=P2P5TrCrDqPumAWPv8yyAg&sqi=2&ved=0CE4QsAQ&biw=1280&bih=862">Yoshitsune Minamoto</a>, Japan’s
most famous genius of military affairs, made a dazzling debut. One of the
indispensable abilities of a leader is to find an asset of a person and make it function effectively in an organization. In this sense, Yoritomo was a great
leader because he detected the natural gift of Yoshitsune Minamoto (to be
covered later) immediately. Although he sent Yoshitsune to Kyoto, Yoritomo never
moved from his hometown because he knew very well that he was not a good
military commander. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Thanks to the natural gift of Yoshitsune
Minamoto, the Minamoto army defeated the advanced unit and the Taira family
completely. However, Yoshitsune was ultimately killed by the unit sent by Yoritomo
because he was not able to understand Yoritomo’s strong resolution to establish
a samurai government. In short, Yoshitsune was not a politician but a military
man, while Yoritomo was not a military man but a politician. No Japanese accuse
Yoshitsune of his inability to understand Yoritomo’s real intention. As a
matter of fact, root for the underdog (sympathy with the weak) that still clearly
exists in the mindset of Japanese results from Yoshitsune’s tragedy. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Yoritomo Festival</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span> </span></div>
</div>
Senryaku-kenkyuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14407110371838014354noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4897684578329832416.post-57753274753062981682011-12-25T21:13:00.000-08:002013-10-08T00:33:07.355-07:00No. 3: Kiyomori Taira: the military commander who brought samurais to the front stage of politics (December 26, 2011)<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Taira_no_Kiyomori,TenshiSekkanMiei.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Taira_no_Kiyomori,TenshiSekkanMiei.jpg" width="286" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kiyomori Taira</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E5%B9%B3%E6%B8%85%E7%9B%9B&hl=ja&sa=G&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&ei=DvP2TpauFO_JmAXE4aSTAg&ved=0CHAQsAQ&biw=1024&bih=598&sei=JfP2TojbJs3DmQXz1rGXAg">Kiyomori Taira</a> (1118-1181), head the Taira
family, was the military commander who virtually ruled Japan for the first time
in Japan. <a href="http://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E6%BA%90%E9%A0%BC%E6%9C%9D&hl=ja&noj=1&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=SfT2ToPiHofGmQXt4NSDBg&sqi=2&ved=0CE8QsAQ&biw=1024&bih=598">Yoritomo Minamoto </a>(1147-1199), head of the Minamoto family, defeated the
Taira family and became the military commander who established a samurai
government for the first time in Japan. In this sense, Kiyomori Taira opened up
the road to and laid the foundation for a samurai government. Yoritomo Minamoto
who opened Japan’s first samurai government in 1192 will be covered later. In
the Japanese system, only an emperor can rule Japan, and only a member of the
emperor family can be an emperor. This is the firmly established system since
the beginning of the Japanese history, though emperor’s sovereign power is
nominal at present. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">What Kiyomori Taira did was to rule Japan under
the auspices of the incumbent emperor. In the Heian period (794-1192),
aristocrats owned their lands across the country under the sponsorship of an
emperor. They lived in Kyoto, then capital of Japan, and never engaged
themselves in the reclamation of rural areas. It was samurais who reclaimed
rural areas to create paddy fields and develop cities. Living in Kyoto, the
aristocrats lent their ownership rights to samurais and received a certain
amount of money in exchange for the lending. That is, samurais were never able
to own the land that they cultivate by themselves. Samurais worked hard to
reclaim rural areas and became powerful in their respective areas, while paying
a fixed amount of money to the aristocrats in Kyoto. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTG3FUD009cYyg-l8t7nZIoANQK1vfc5vFNTWz1Hvuh9O0jWHOdCg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTG3FUD009cYyg-l8t7nZIoANQK1vfc5vFNTWz1Hvuh9O0jWHOdCg " /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Itsukushima Shinto Shrine built by Taira Kiyomori</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> It is quite natural that the more powerful
samurais became, the stronger their dissatisfaction with the present situations
grew. The head of these samurais was the father of Yoritomo Minamoto. The
samurais fought against the Kiyomori Taira under the leadership of Yoritomo’s
father, but they lost the war. Kiyomori Taira killed Yoritomo’s father but did
not kill Yoritomo. In later years, the Taira family was ruined by Yoritomo and
his brother Yoshitsune (to be covered later). This is an irony of history. He
should have killed Yoritomo. In a sense, Kiyomori Taira was a politician and
not a military commander. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Kiyomori Taira was not able to work out effective
measures to settle the dissatisfaction of samurais because he lived in Kyoto
and knew nothing about the reality of the rural areas. In some ways, he was not
a good politician. Anyway, Kiyomori Taira should be memorized as a great leader
to bring samurais to the front stage of politics for the first time in the
Japanese history. <a href="http://www9.nhk.or.jp/kiyomori/">A drama that features Kiyomori Taira</a> will be televised by
Japan Broadcasting Corp. (NHK) starting on January 8, 2012. </span><br />
<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Seto Inland Sea Kiyomori loved most</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span> </span></div>
</div>
</div>
Senryaku-kenkyuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14407110371838014354noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4897684578329832416.post-10284748341656326762011-12-17T21:20:00.000-08:002013-10-08T00:15:59.208-07:00No. 2: Ieyasu Tokugawa: the end of the age of civil wars (December 18, 2011)<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSDbaA82yL9CqRVSgQMFK7nhy5Plkjj0_Mc0szanNV1Rtppm0nCNA" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSDbaA82yL9CqRVSgQMFK7nhy5Plkjj0_Mc0szanNV1Rtppm0nCNA" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ieyasu Tokugawa</span></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E5%BE%B3%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%B7&hl=ja&sa=G&prmd=imvnsb&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&ei=HGjtTueyOOfxmAXp85iZCg&ved=0CEgQsAQ&biw=1024&bih=598&sei=LWjtTrf0Iu3mmAXS6pmACg">Ieyasu Tokugawa</a> (1542-1616) established his
government in 1603. Coincidentally, it is the same year that Queen Elizabeth
the First passed away in Great Britain. As is often the case, one has gone, and
one is born. His greatest achievement is that he brought an end to the age of civil
wars. He is often said to have only completed the ideas created by Nobunaga Oda
who is the most innovative and creative warlord in the Japanese history, but it
is not too much to say that he successfully built the foundation for the unity
of Japanese under the name of peace. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">The Tokugawa government is associated with
the policy of national isolation, but we have to take note that it never used
the phrase national isolation. What the Tokugawa government tried to do was to
prevent Japanese from being affected by Christianity that was militant in those
days. That is why the Netherlands, a country of Protestants, was allowed to do
business with Japanese in Nagasaki Prefecture. Anyway, national isolation
helped the government last for such a long period of 265 years. And the
peace-loving mindset of Japanese can originate in the peaceful period under the
Tokugawa regime. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">The Tokugawa government did not need
military force because of the lasting peace for the 265 years. This is because
it was so stunned by the arrival of four steam ships led by </span><span lang="EN">Matthew Calbraith Perry</span><span lang="EN-US"> of the United States in 1853. Reflecting the easy-going policy of
being satisfied with peace, the Meiji government hastily built up military
strength to catch up with Western countries. The radical reform changed the
mindset of Japanese in some ways and resulted in the disaster in 1945, and now
Japanese proclaim the importance of peace. History repeats itself. </span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">He is a great leader, but he failed to work
out measures for samurai warriors. In a sense, Ieyasu Tokugawa established his
government entirely thanks to the efforts of his samurai warriors. Nonetheless,
he sacrificed them for the sake of peace. However, abandoning samurai warriors
was the right policy to promote peace across the country, however ruthless and
merciless it was. To make up for the sacrifice of samurai warriors, the
Tokugawa government categorized Japanese people into four classes and gave the
samurai warriors the highest class of the four. The profession of samurai was
followed by agriculture, industry, and commerce in this order. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">In the age of civil wars, samurai warriors
fought for a reward that was usually land. However, as population grew, land
for allocation to samurai warriors for reward grew smaller and there were
scarcely any more land for allocation around the time when Ieyasu Tokugawa
opened his government. Actually, the Tokugawa government had no way but to
sacrifice samurai warriors to promote peace throughout Japan. In any event, the
determination to promote peace seems to have affected the mindset of Japanese
seeking eagerly for peace, like it or not. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reproduced cityscape in the Edo period</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span> </span></div>
</div>
Senryaku-kenkyuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14407110371838014354noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4897684578329832416.post-64266133817100292452011-12-09T06:59:00.001-08:002013-11-13T17:06:42.905-08:00No. 1: Prince Shotoku and his days (December 10, 2011)<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTeBftWrlisoH4mH1oW9d2OhtBiYV1Qhv-MbCOWxNZ8HlmfgNDXyw" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTeBftWrlisoH4mH1oW9d2OhtBiYV1Qhv-MbCOWxNZ8HlmfgNDXyw" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Prince Shotoku</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E8%81%96%E5%BE%B3%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90&hl=ja&sa=G&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&ei=4gPbTqXfEaXYmAW6mKjICw&ved=0CE4QsAQ&biw=1024&bih=598&sei=EwTbTrv1JMz4mAW2trTVCw">Prince Shotoku</a> (574-622) is unquestionably
Japan’s first great leader. Though he was nable to become an emperor, he was the most
influential figure in the early days of Japan. China was tremendously powerful
in his days, and all Asian countries except Japan were subordinated by China.
But Prince Shotoku strongly felt the necessity of Japan’s independence of
China, and dispatched a mission to China to deliver his personal letter to then
emperor of China. In his letter, Prince Shotoku expressed his desire to develop
cooperative relations between China and Japan on an equal footing. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">His diplomatic sense is rather reckless
from the viewpoint of the Sinocentrism. To make the matter worse, then Chinese
emperor was tremendously powerful and tyrannical. Naturally, the Chinese
emperor got furious about the personal letter from Prince Shotoku. However, the
domestic political turmoil prevented the Chinese emperor from taking
retaliatory actions. We Japanese have to remember that the resolute and
decisive attitude taken by Prince Shotoku set Japan free from the subordinate
position imposed by China and enabled Japan to develop without any inhibition. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The enactment of the Constitution of
Seventeen Articles is another great achievement of Prince Shotoku. He
emphasized the importance of harmony in Article 1 and suggested having
discussions to solve a big problem in Article 17. These two articles enormously
affected the mindset of Japanese in every respect of activities including
politics and business. Today, lots of discussions are under way on various
political issues in the Diet, and no diet member dares to take a risk. Playing
safe for the sake of election seems to be prevailing in the Diet. How does
Prince Shotoku evaluate today’s situation in the Diet? </span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/BJO6JVwt8j0?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Horyuji Temple built by Prince Shogoku</span><br />
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Senryaku-kenkyuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14407110371838014354noreply@blogger.com0